Continuous Temperature Monitoring Research Articles

Clinical effectiveness of a new scope warmer/cleaner for laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery.

In laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery, maintaining clear visualization is crucial for safe and efficient operation. We have developed a new scope warmer/cleaner (Lapahot®) based on "hot-pack" technology. We used our device in 20 consecutive laparoscopic and thoracoscopic cases and compared it with the conventional warm saline method. Lens fogging was not observed in any of the cases, and the cleaning function was comparable to the warm saline method. Moreover, continuous temperature monitoring showed that Lapahot® maintained its temperature much longer than warm saline. Our novel device has the potential to become the new standard for lens defogging and cleaning.

The estimation of infiltration and inflow in a sewage network by combining continuous monitoring of hydrological parameters, flow and temperature with stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen

The failure of sewage network systems can lead to the introduction of external water, impacting the capacity, performance, and environmental sustainability of urban infrastructures. This study examined methods for identifying and quantifying external water in a sewage system in cold climate conditions through the analysis of stable isotope of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) from samples, and continuous temperature monitoring, followed by the simulation of the network's hydraulics and temperature profile. The assessment was conducted during periods of low and high groundwater levels, specifically during dry weather flow. In comparison, the yearly trends of infiltration and inflow rates were assessed utilizing the moving minimum method. Using δ18O as a tracer, daily infiltration rates of 5.8 % and 35 % were estimated for periods of low and high groundwater levels, respectively. Using the outputs of the thermodynamic model, temperature was used as a tracer and the daily infiltration rates were found to be 1.5 % and 21.9 % for the same periods. The infiltration and inflow rate for the year in question was estimated to be 23 % using the moving minimum method. The findings of this study demonstrate the temporal variability of infiltration in networks and highlight the need for, as well as the potential of, a multi-faceted approach and continuous monitoring for the accurate estimation of external water before sewage network renovations are carried out.

Attenuating Anthropogenic Impact on Subterranean Micro-Climate: Insights from the Biospeleological Station in Postojna Cave

The Biospeleological Station (BS) in Postojna Cave, with a volume of 36,000 m3, has served as an underground biological laboratory since 1931, receiving 100,000 visitors annually. Historical cave micro-climate monitoring was performed in 1933 and 1963, and continuous monitoring of cave air temperature and carbon dioxide concentration at hourly intervals started in 2015. Micro-climatic data collected between 2015 and 2024 has helped us to understand the relationship between natural underground environment and anthropogenic impact, thereby aiding expert recommendations to cave managers for the mitigation of anthropogenic micro-climatic effects. Results strongly support the policy that, during summer, when outdoor temperatures are higher than in the cave, solid metal doors connecting the BS with the rest of the cave (Stara Jama) should be kept open. Such a simple mitigation act helps to decrease anthropogenically increased air temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations, thereby maintaining suitable micro-climatic conditions for the exhibition of cave animals. Closure during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) resulted in the lowest temperatures recorded. BS visitation increases air temperature by 1 °C, highlighting the need for management strategies to maintain suitable conditions for cave fauna exhibition.

Preventing perioperative hypothermia in children through implementation of customised guidelines.

Perioperative hypothermia (PH) is common in children and associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Guidelines to prevent PH are mainly developed for adults and differ among institutions. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of customised guidelines in reducing PH in our paediatric population and the impact of cost considerations on physician practice. Patients aged ≤16 years undergoing general anaesthesia in our tertiary paediatric hospital were prospectively recruited in this cohort study. Patient demographics, surgical procedures, anaesthesia details and temperature control measures were recorded. Data collection occurred over four phases: Phases 1 and 2 comprised standard management, while Phases 3 and 4 occurred following guidelines implementation. Sensors for continuous core temperature monitoring were provided free to patients during Phases 1 and 3, but were charged during Phases 2 and 4. The main outcome was occurrence of PH, defined as core temperature <36°C at any point from induction of anaesthesia to discharge from the postanaesthetic care unit. The impact of guidelines implementation and cost considerations influencing physician practice on PH outcomes was also analysed. Data from 3917 patients was analysed (1766 in Phase 1, 679 in Phase 2, 706 in Phase 3 and 766 in Phase 4). Guidelines implementation decreased PH incidence from 11.0% to 6.79% (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-0.80, P = 0.0002). Free sensors increased the odds of detecting PH (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.17-1.88, P = 0.001). With guidelines implementation, there was greater reduction in PH with free sensors (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.88, P = 0.0055) compared to chargeable sensors (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.50-1.11, P = 0.1471). Customised guidelines facilitated a sustained reduction of hypothermia in our paediatric surgical patients, although its impact was reduced by cost considerations.

Prototype isochoric preservation device for large organs.

This paper presents the design and prototype of a constant volume (isochoric) vessel that can be used for the preservation of large organs in a supercooled state. This prototype is a preliminary version of a more advanced design. The device consists of a cooling bath operated by a mechanical vapor compression refrigeration unit and an isochoric chamber made of stainless steel. The preservation of organs using supercooling technology in an isochoric chamber requires a continuous temperature and pressure monitoring. While the device was initially designed for pig liver experiments, its innovative design and preservation capabilities suggest potential applications for preserving other organs as well. The isochoric reactor may be used to accommodate a variety of organ types, opening the door for further research into its multi-organ preservation capabilities. All the design details are presented in this study with the purpose of encouraging researchers in the field to build their own devices, and by this to improve the design. We chose to design the device for isochoric supercooling as the method of preservation to avoid the ice formation.

Continuous monitoring of body temperature for objective detection of health and safety risks in construction sites: An analysis of the accuracy and comfort of off-the-shelf wearable sensors

Recent studies have shown the potential of wearable sensors for objective detection of health and safety risks in construction workers through their collected physiological data. Body temperature, as the focus of the current study, is one of the most important physiological parameters that can help to detect various health and safety risks such as heat stress, physical fatigue, and infectious diseases. This study aims to assess the applicability and performance of off-the-shelf wearable sensor devices to monitor workers’ body temperature in construction sites by evaluating the accuracy of temperature measurements as well as the comfort of the devices.A total of nine off-the-shelf wearable sensor devices available on the market were initially trialed in the laboratory, and three devices were shortlisted considering a set of selection criteria for further assessment. Over three weeks, the shortlisted wearable sensors were tested on 26 workers in two large construction sites in Australia. The reliability/validity of the selected wearable sensors in measuring body temperature was investigated using Bland-Altman analysis. Human factors were also investigated in terms of the comfort of the devices, their impact on workers’ performance, and the acceptability of being worn for an extended period (i.e., 8 h or more). It was found that all selected devices measured body temperature with a bias of less than one indicating a slight difference in measurements compared to the reference hospital-grade thermometers. Two devices out of the three were also comfortable. The achieved results indicate that it is feasible to develop a continuous temperature monitoring platform using off-the-shelf wearable sensors to detect a range of significant health and safety risks in construction sites objectively. Considering the rapid advancements in manufacturing wearable sensors, future research can adopt a similar approach to include the newly introduced off-the-shelf temperature sensors and select the most appropriate device.

Naked-Eye Visual Thermometer Based on Glycerol─Nonclose-Packed Photonic Crystals for Real-Time Temperature Sensing and Monitoring.

Real-time sensing and monitoring of temperature are of great significance for assessing human health. The sensitivity and stability are inevitable issues for thermometers. In this study, a thermometer with the cylindrical thermochromic hydrogel was prepared for real-time visual monitoring of temperature, which had excellent temperature sensitivity, angle-independence axially, and environmental stability. The customization of their initial optical properties depended on the PMMA concentrations and the content of the hydrogel monomer. The glycerol introduced with solvent displacement formed hydrogen bonds with the hydrogel network, which stabilized their mechanical properties, and the reflection peak blue-shifted from 653 to 499 nm when tensile strain was 57.85%. At the same time, the environmental stability originated from the moisturizing properties of the glycerol, which enabled the hydrogel to reliably transmit the information on temperature into the air without losing moisture. The reflection peak of the cylindrical thermochromic hydrogel shifted from 657 to 455 nm when the temperature increased from 22 to 45 °C, which realized temperature visual monitoring in the full-color range. The temperature sensitivity of the glycerol─nonclose-packed photonic crystals remained stable for 1 month, which provided an optimal option for continuous visual temperature monitoring.

Continuous timely monitoring of core temperature with two wearable devices in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer – a comparison study

PurposePediatric patients with cancer often develop chemotherapy-induced fever in neutropenia (FN), requiring emergency broad-spectrum antibiotics. Continuous temperature monitoring can lead to earlier FN detection and therapy with improved outcomes. We aimed to compare the feasibility of continuous core temperature monitoring with timely data availability between two wearable devices (WDs) in pediatric oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsIn this prospective observational two-center study, 20 patients (median age: 8 years) undergoing chemotherapy simultaneously wore two WDs (CORE®, Everion®) for 14 days. The predefined goal was core temperature recorded in sufficient quality and available within ≤ 30 min during ≥ 18/24 h for ≥ 7/14 days in more than 15 patients.ResultsMore patients reached the goal with CORE® (n = 13) versus Everion® (n = 3) (difference, 50% p < 0.001). After correcting for the transmission bottleneck caused by two WDs transmitting via one gateway, these numbers increased (n = 15 versus n = 14; difference, 5%; p = 0.69). CORE® measurements corresponded better to ear temperatures (n = 528; mean bias, − 0.07 °C; mean absolute difference, 0.35 °C) than Everion® measurements (n = 532; − 1.06 °C; 1.10 °C). Acceptance rates for the WDs were 95% for CORE® and 89% for Everion®.ConclusionThe CORE® fulfilled the predefined feasibility criterion (15 of 20 patients) after correction for transmission bottleneck, and the Everion® nearly fulfilled it. Continuous core temperature recording of good quality and with timely data availability was feasible from preschool to adolescent patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. These results encourage the design of randomized controlled trials on continuously monitored core temperature in pediatric patients.Trial registration.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04914702) on June 7, 2021.

The Incorporation of Spent Coffee Grounds as an Additive in Cement Ventilation Blocks

Introduction The growing coffee industry has created a lot of waste in the form of spent coffee grounds (SCG), mainly disposed of through landfills. Recycling them into concrete construction products helps reduce their carbon effect on the atmosphere. According to earlier investigations, the SCGs have potential usage as supplemental construction materials across various civil engineering applications. However, the absence of thorough research and successful practical implementations in the sector necessitate further detailed studies in ventilation block application. Aims This study investigates the workability, compressive strength, water absorption and thermal performance of cement mortar containing different percentages of SCG in ventilation block production. Methods Cement, sand, and water with the 1: 2.75: 0.6 ratio and different percentages of SCG are used in the mortar mix as additives. The specimens were cast in cubes (50 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm) to investigate the workability, strength, water absorption and dry density. Further, the ideal mix was chosen to produce ventilation blocks. The prototype cubicles made from the SCG ventilation blocks were used for continuous indoor temperature monitoring. Results The results show that adding high amounts of SCGs into mortar has decreased workability and compressive strength in cement mortar blocks. However, the water absorption has reduced with the increased percentage of SCG added to the mix. Based on the results, the SCG0.75 is the most suitable ratio to be used as it showed a flowability of 48%, a compressive strength of 12.574 MPa and water absorption of 6.107%, which is ideal for producing the ventilation block. In addition, the temperature monitoring results showed a reduction in the indoor temperature that used the SCG ventilation block. Conclusion This result suggests incorporating SCG in the ventilation block requires a suitable percentage of the SCG to fulfill the workability and strength of the block. Nevertheless, it may reduce indoor temperature, thus providing better thermal comfort. This study enables the SCG waste products to be used as sustainable materials in ventilation block production.

Stress corrosion cracking of leaded brass used in oil temperature sensor of vehicle

In today’s modern age, many kinds of sensors are used in cars. Sensors used in automobiles monitor the performance of the entire vehicle. They are used to control and process oil, temperature, emission level, coolant level, etc. In vehicle engine, oil is pumped under high-pressure throughout the engine system to lubricate the engine parts that are in constant friction. By doing so, it also transfers away heat from these engine parts. As the oil travels around the motor, large amount of heat keeps being absorbed and transferred. It eventually reaches engine sump where it is cooled using a coolant, and then again recirculated through the engine. In this process, overheating of this oil can greatly affect its viscosity and reduce its efficiency, eventually causing performance issue of the engine. To prevent overheating, temperature oil sensors are used, that continuously send data to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) then subsequently ECU adjusts and regulates the fuel quantity and ignition timing. Oil Temperature Sensors (OTS) usually consists of three parts: brass body, thermistor unit and a coupler unit. For continuous temperature monitoring, the brass body is continuously in contact with the engine oil that are based on sulphates and ammoniate, under high pressure and elevated temperature. In present study, we observed leakage failure in the brass body of OTS and conducted root cause failure analysis. The basic objective of failure analysis is to identify the overall damage mode like: mechanical overload, environmental degradation / corrosion, fatigue etc. and its type and root-cause leading to the failure and its understanding help to mitigate similar failures in near future. In the present work, the failed / cracked brass body material was analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy attached with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy for identifying mechanisms of corrosion failures in OTS brass body components is highlighted. Failure analysis of cracked brass body showed the Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) failure which is further confirmed by multiple crack branching and Intergranular (IG) fracture.

Piloting delivery of PfSPZ vaccines for malaria through a cryogenic vaccine cold chain to travel and military medicine clinics.

PfSPZ vaccines comprising Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) have demonstrated > 90% protection against variant Pf malaria infections for at least 12weeks; they are the only vaccines with the level of efficacy necessary to protect travellers. PfSPZ are eukaryotic cells stabilized by cryopreservation and distributed using a cryogenic (below -150°C) cold chain. The Ebola vaccine and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 pioneered uptake of vaccines requiring non-standard ultra-low temperature cold chains. The cryogenic cold chain using liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapour phase (LNVP) cryoshippers, is simpler, more efficient than -80, -20 or 2-8°C cold chains, and does not use electricity. This study was conducted to evaluate implementation and integration of a cryogenically distributed vaccine at travel and military immunization clinics. We conducted sequential 28-day studies evaluating vaccine shipping, storage, maintenance and accession at two US military and two civilian travel health/immunization clinics. In each clinic, personnel were trained in equipment use, procurement and handling of LN2, temperature monitoring and inventory record keeping by in-person or video instruction. Sites required 2-4h/person for two persons to assimilate and develop the expertise to manage vaccine storage and LNVP operations. LN2 for recharging cryoshippers was delivered every 1-2weeks. Vaccine ordering, receipt, storage and inventory control was conducted effectively. Simulated single dose vaccine cryovial retrieval and thawing were performed successfully in different travel clinic settings. Continuous temperature monitoring at each site was maintained with only one short excursion above -150°C (-145°C) through shipping, use and reverse logistics. Staff, during and at study conclusion, provided feedback that has been incorporated into our models for cold chain logistics. These studies demonstrated that the training in delivery, storage, administration and integration of PfSPZ vaccines can be successfully managed in different immunization clinic settings for travellers and military personnel.

Surveillance of high-risk early postsurgical patients for real-time detection of complications using wireless monitoring (SHEPHERD study): results of a randomized multicenter stepped wedge cluster trial.

Vital signs measurements on the ward are performed intermittently. This could lead to failure to rapidly detect patients with deteriorating vital signs and worsens long-term outcome. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that continuous wireless monitoring of vital signs on the postsurgical ward improves patient outcome. In this prospective, multicenter, stepped-wedge cluster randomized study, patients in the control group received standard monitoring. The intervention group received continuous wireless monitoring of heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature on top of standard care. Automated alerts indicating vital signs deviation from baseline were sent to ward nurses, triggering the calculation of a full early warning score followed. The primary outcome was the occurrence of new disability three months after surgery. The study was terminated early (at 57% inclusion) due to COVID-19 restrictions. Therefore, only descriptive statistics are presented. A total of 747 patients were enrolled in this study and eligible for statistical analyses, 517 patients in the control group and 230 patients in the intervention group, the latter only from one hospital. New disability at three months after surgery occurred in 43.7% in the control group and in 39.1% in the intervention group (absolute difference 4.6%). This is the largest randomized controlled trial investigating continuous wireless monitoring in postoperative patients. While patients in the intervention group seemed to experience less (new) disability than patients in the control group, results remain inconclusive with regard to postoperative patient outcome due to premature study termination. ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02957825.

A review on flexible wearables – Recent developments in non-invasive continuous health monitoring

Wearable sensors hold profound significance in our increasingly interconnected world, revolutionizing the way we monitor and manage our health, daily activities, and environments. These compact, unobtrusive tools have transcended the realm of mere gadgets to become indispensable tools for individuals and healthcare professionals alike. By continuously collecting data on vital signs, physical activity, sleep patterns, and more, wearables empower users to gain valuable insights into their well-being, facilitating proactive health management. Beyond preventive medicine, wearables find applications in diverse fields, from sports performance optimization to industrial safety monitoring, making them catalysts for transformative change in the way we live, work, and thrive. As technology continues to advance, the significance of wearables in enhancing our lives and pushing the boundaries of knowledge will only continue to grow. In this review, we focused on the recent advances in the field of wearables for continuous non-invasive monitoring of cardiovascular, body temperature and blood glucose. These sensors are commonly incorporated into garments or stylish accessories such as watches, allowing individuals to monitor different facets of their health, including metabolic processes and vital signs. In premise, the worldwide wearables market is undergoing substantial growth propelled by technological advancements, expanding applications, and the need for inventive preventive healthcare solutions. Despite existing challenges, the industry is well-positioned for ongoing expansion as it tackles these issues and pushes the frontiers of wearable technology.

IoT-Enhanced Healthcare: A Patient Care Evaluation Using the IoT Healthcare Test

Empirical insights into the significant effects of IoT-Enhanced Healthcare on patient care and health outcomes are provided by this study. The transformational potential of IoT technology is shown by data generated from a varied patient group, which includes continuous monitoring of blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, and blood glucose levels via IoT devices. The usage of IoT devices is directly correlated with greater cardiovascular stability, as shown by consistently normal vital signs, according to statistical assessments. Additionally, the data highlights how patients using IoT devices have better control over their blood glucose levels, as seen by fewer cases of increased glucose levels. Evaluations of the quality of patient care show improved levels of satisfaction, efficacy of therapy, and communication, highlighting the benefits of IoT-Enhanced Healthcare. The evaluation of the outcomes of the IoT Healthcare Test confirms the precision and dependability of IoT devices in medical diagnosis, highlighting the significance of IoT-Enhanced Healthcare in transforming patient care. Together, these results provide strong evidence of IoT's ability to improve patient outcomes, treatment quality, and patient health.

Feasibility of temperature monitoring smart socks in adolescents and young adults with spina bifida.

The purpose of the study was to determine if the use of continuous temperature monitoring smart socks is feasible in adolescents with spina bifida (SB) by obtaining user feedback on comfort. Participants were provided temperature monitoring socks and a 4 G hub. Follow-up phone calls were performed to answer questions or discuss barriers. Sock temperatures were monitored throughout four weeks. Following sock wear, participants were asked to complete a satisfaction survey. Seventeen of the 33 participants enrolled (eight males, nine females) with a mean age of 14.8 years completed the study. Average sock wear was 8.0 hours per day for four weeks. The mean temperature was 83.4°F with a mean temperature differential between feet of -0.74°F (left-right). The duration of sock wear varied from 14.6 to 595.9 hours over the four-week period. Lastly, eleven participants (84.6%) reported that the socks were comfortable and very easy to put on. Continuous temperature monitoring smart socks are an option for monitoring risk for developing pressure injuries in adolescents with SB. Future directions would include increasing sample size, obtaining normative data for temperature ranges in this population, and correlating to clinical outcomes.

Design of Medical Devices to Monitor Body Temperature, Heart Rate And Oxygen Saturation Levels In Human Body Based On IoT

Understanding body temperature and heart rate plays a crucial role in detecting disease symptoms. Heart rate serves as a vital parameter reflecting human body function, with a typical range of 60-100 beats per minute for adults. This study aims to leverage Internet of Things (IoT) technology to create a monitoring system for heart rate and body temperature.The main objective of this final project is to design a device capable of monitoring body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation levels in the human body. The anticipated benefits of this research include facilitating the continuous monitoring of body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation levels, thus aiding in timely health assessments. To achieve this, the study employs the MLX90614 sensor for temperature measurement and the MAX30100 sensor for heart rate and oxygen saturation level readings. These sensors are integrated with the Arduino Nano microcontroller and NodeMCU ESP8266.The study's findings demonstrate that the sensors effectively measure body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation levels, as confirmed by comparison with medical-grade devices. The system developed in this research performs well and is ready for practical application, providing the desired benefits of enhanced monitoring capabilities for healthcare purposes.

Thermal Earring

Body temperature is an important vital sign which can indicate fever and is known to be correlated with activities such as eating, exercise and stress. However, continuous temperature monitoring poses a significant challenge. We present Thermal Earring, a first-of-its-kind smart earring that enables a reliable wearable solution for continuous temperature monitoring. The Thermal Earring takes advantage of the unique position of earrings in proximity to the head, a region with tight coupling to the body unlike watches and other wearables which are more loosely worn on extremities. We develop a hardware prototype in the form factor of real earrings measuring a maximum width of 11.3 mm and a length of 31 mm, weighing 335 mg, and consuming only 14.4 uW which enables a battery life of 28 days in real-world tests. We demonstrate this form factor is small and light enough to integrate into real jewelry with fashionable designs. Additionally, we develop a dual sensor design to differentiate human body temperature change from environmental changes. We explore the use of this novel sensing platform and find its measured earlobe temperatures are stable within ±0.32 °C during periods of rest. Using these promising results, we investigate its capability of detecting fever by gathering data from 5 febrile patients and 20 healthy participants. Further, we perform the first-ever investigation of the relationship between earlobe temperature and a variety of daily activities, demonstrating earlobe temperature changes related to eating and exercise. We also find the surprising result that acute stressors such as public speaking and exams cause measurable changes in earlobe temperature. We perform multi-day in-the-wild experiments and confirm the temperature changes caused by these daily activities in natural daily scenarios. This initial exploration seeks to provide a foundation for future automatic activity detection and earring-based wearables.

Abstract B179: 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) combination with ketogenic diet induces sedation and hypothermia in mice that becomes lethal

Abstract Introduction. The term “ketogenic” was coined for the diet that specifically consists of a 4:1 ratio of fats to proteins. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) is a synthetic glucose analog that potently inhibits glycolysis. It has been hypothesized that 2-DG in combination with KD, should improve the anticancer effects of either therapeutic approach. The therapeutic benefit of such a combination was supported by studies of Voss et al. (Int J Mol Sci, 2018. 19(8): PMC6121440), showing that continued combination of KD and anti-glycolytic therapy is feasible, and KD increased tolerance to 2-DG. However, in contrast to this report, our preliminary studies revealed a dose-dependent reduction in the survival of mice of receiving inhibition of glycolysis (2-DG) and KD. The objective of this study was to assess the toxic limitation of the combination of glycolysis inhibition and ketogenic diet. Methods. CD-1 mice were maintained on either a standard diet (SD) or a ketogenic diet (KD). Some groups were treated with of 2-DG at 1.5 g/kg via the oral or intraperitoneal route or vehicle. For temperature monitoring, the animals were implanted subcutaneously with a temperature microchip UCT-2112. Body temperature was recorded manually for each mouse using a contactless, handheld URH-1HP receiver. Alternatively, for continuous monitoring of the body temperature, the UID Mouse Matrix was used. Mice exhibiting treatment-related toxicity symptoms, such as prolonged hypothermia or laborious breathing, and euthanized following blood collection for hematology and serum chemistry analysis. Key organs were also collected for histopathology analysis. Results. Previously, we reported that 2-DG reduces the survival of mice maintained on KD (median survival 9 days p=0.0022), while it is well tolerated by mice receiving regular chow (no deaths reported). Here, we report that the administration of 2-DG induces transient sedation and hypothermia. CBC analysis revealed that the number of platelets in the KD + 2-DG group was significantly decreased compared to the SD + 2-DG group and the KD + vehicle group (p&amp;lt;0.001). The reduction of platelets was associated with a two- to three-fold increase of LDH in the KD + 2-DG group. Histopathological analysis of the lung tissue revealed the presence of diffuse congestion in blood vessels and dilation of the alveolar capillaries consistent with interstitial pneumonia. Similarly, degenerative and congestive hepatic parenchyma was observed in animals treated with 2-DG and KD. Preliminary experiments involving supplementation of 2-DG-treated animals with D-glucose or D-mannose failed to provide a rescue effect. Conclusion. A highly reproducible, dose-dependent toxicity leading to rapid death of treated animals maintained on KD was observed following 2-DG administration, while the same doses appeared to be safe in mice fed a standard diet. The toxic effects induced by the combination treatment included acute thrombocytopenia and acute interstitial pneumonia; however, delineation of the exact mechanism of toxicity requires additional studies. Citation Format: Rafal Zielinski, Moises Martinez Castillo, Damian Grybowski, Krzysztof Grela, Roberto Cardenas-Zuniga, Izabela Fokt, Stanislaw Skora, Gerardo Ramirez, Waldemar Priebe. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) combination with ketogenic diet induces sedation and hypothermia in mice that becomes lethal [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2023 Oct 11-15; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2023;22(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B179.

Continuous monitoring of temperature and freshness in cold chain transport based on the dual-responsive fluorescent hydrogel

Comprehensive attention should be paid to the potential food spoilage in food transport. However, there is a problem of freshness destruction by repeated freezing and thawing during the cold chain transport. Herein, a fluorescent hydrogel with N-doped green-emitting carbon dots (N-GCDs), bovine serum albumin-gold nanoclusters (BSA-AuNCs) as fluorescent probes and polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate hydrogel as carrier matrix was developed to continuously detect temperature and freshness. Due to the solvatochromic effect of N-GCDs, when the temperature surpassed the threshold, the mixture of water and dimethyl sulfoxide underwent a phase transition and melted into the gel, changing the fluorescence color to realize the temperature monitoring. Then, due to the pH effect of BSA-AuNCs, the gel could respond to pH changes in food deterioration to monitor the food freshness. Thus, the changes of both fluorescence color and intensity of the hydrogel provides a new method for visual and portable authenticity of food freshness.

A technology platform for standardized cryoprotection and freezing of large-volume brain tissues for high-resolution histology.

Understanding and mapping the human connectome is a long-standing endeavor of neuroscience, yet the significant challenges associated with the large size of the human brain during cryosectioning remain unsolved. While smaller brains, such as rodents and marmosets, have been the focus of previous connectomics projects, the processing of the larger human brain requires significant technological advancements. This study addresses the problem of freezing large brains in aligned neuroanatomical coordinates with minimal tissue damage, facilitating large-scale distortion-free cryosectioning. We report the most effective and stable freezing technique utilizing an appropriate choice of cryoprotection and leveraging engineering tools such as brain master patterns, custom-designed molds, and a continuous temperature monitoring system. This standardized approach to freezing enables high-quality, distortion-free histology, allowing researchers worldwide to explore the complexities of the human brain at a cellular level. Our approach combines neuroscience and engineering technologies to address this long-standing challenge with limited resources, enhancing accessibility of large-scale scientific endeavors beyond developed countries, promoting diverse approaches, and fostering collaborations.